New Disease Reports
New Disease Reports (2019) 39, 22. [http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2019.039.022]
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First report of Aphanomyces cochlioides causing root rot of sugar beet in Turkey

M. Avan 1*, C. Aksoy 1, Z. Katırcıoğlu 1, F. Demirci 1 and R. Kaya 2

*meltem_avn@hotmail.com

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Received: 26 Mar 2019; Published: 17 Jun 2019

Keywords: Beta vulgaris, fungal plant disease, Konya province.

Turkey produces c. 16 million tonnes of sugar beet annually, making it the fifth largest producer in the world, and around a third is grown in the province of Konya (FAO, 2014). Fungal root rots of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) have been reported in various areas of Turkey (Erzurum et al., 1995; Özgönen et al., 2009) but the prevalence of root rot in Konya province has not been investigated. Along with root rot pathogens such as Pythium spp. and Rhizoctonia solani, symptoms resembling those caused by Aphanomyces cochlioides including blackening at root tips of seedlings and blackish discolorations on late-stage roots were observed.

Isolations were made from symptomatic seedlings and roots collected from 866 fields, on an Aphanomyces-selective medium (Chikuo & Sugimoto, 1985) and half-strength PDA medium. Samples from 50 fields yielded fast growing whitish growth of non-septate mycelium. Mycelial discs of these isolates were grown on amended grated carrot agar (AGCA) as described by Akıllı et al. (2012) and incubated in either sterile or non-sterile soil extracts. Zoospore discharge was observed from vesicles formed at the tip of specialised sporangia when culture discs of 5-day-old isolates, grown on AGCA, were incubated for two days (Fig. 1). Typical oospores of A. cochlioides were formed on AGCA (Fig. 2) (Windels, 2000). Macrophomina phaseoli, Phoma betae and Rhizoctonia solani, which also cause blackish necroses on roots, were also isolated on occasion, in addition to A. cochlioides.

The pathogenicity of sixteen isolates was demonstrated by sowing four replicates of ten seeds of sugar beet cv. Aranka on fungal culture disks in pots of sterile soils. Four non-inoculated pots were kept as controls. Similar symptoms to those observed in the field developed on inoculated seedlings 40 days post emergence (Fig. 3).

Based on the symptoms obtained and morphological features observed, together with its host specificity, the pathogen was identified as Aphanomyces cochlioides. To our knowledge this is the first report of the pathogen in Turkey.

Figure1+
Figure 1: Non-septate hyphae of Aphanomyces cochlioides branching at right angles.
Figure 1: Non-septate hyphae of Aphanomyces cochlioides branching at right angles.
Figure2+
Figure 2: Typical oospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides.
Figure 2: Typical oospores of Aphanomyces cochlioides.
Figure3+
Figure 3: Blackish necrotic discolorations on the tips of seedlings inoculated with Aphanomyces cochlioides.
Figure 3: Blackish necrotic discolorations on the tips of seedlings inoculated with Aphanomyces cochlioides.

Acknowledgements

This study was supported by TÜBİTAK and the sugar refineries of Torku and Konya Şeker, and the authors appreciate their help.

References

  1. Akıllı S, Serçe ÇU, Katırcıoğlu YZ, Maden S, 2012. Involvement of Phytophthora spp. in chestnut decline in the Black Sea region of Turkey. Forest Pathology 42, 377-386. [http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0329.2012.00770.x]
  2. Chiku, Y, Sugimoto T, 1985. A selective medium for isolation of Aphanomyces cochlioides from infected sugar beet seedlings. Annual Review of the Phytopathological Society of Japan 51, 16-21. [http://dx.doi.org/10.3186/jjphytopath.51.16]
  3. Erzurum K, Seçer E, Ertunç F, Maden S, 1995. Çorum Kastamonu ve Turhal şeker fabrikaları ekim bölgelerinde şeker pancarında fungal kök çürüklük etmenlerinin tesbiti. VII Türkiye Fitopatoloji Kongresi, 26-29 Eylül, Adana, pp. 122-125.
  4. FAO, 2014. FAO Statistical Yearbook 2014, Europe and Central Asia, Food and Agriculture. http://www.fao.org/3/a-i3621e.pdf. (Accessed 26 March 2019).
  5. Özgönen H, Çulal Kılıç H, 2009. Isparta İli Seker pancarı Ekim Alanlarında Fungal Hastalıkların ve Yaygınlık Oranlarının Belirlenmesi, Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi, 4, 16-22.
  6. Windels CE, 2000. Aphanomyces root rot on sugar beet. Plant Health Progress http://www.plantmanagementnetwork.org/pub/php/diagnosticguide/aphano/. (Accessed 26 March 2019). [http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PHP-2000-0720-01-DG]
To cite this report: Avan M, Aksoy C, Katırcıoğlu Z, Demirci F, Kaya R, 2019. First report of Aphanomyces cochlioides causing root rot of sugar beet in Turkey. New Disease Reports 39, 22. [http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2019.039.022]

©2019 The Authors