New Disease Reports
New Disease Reports (2017) 35, 2. [http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2017.035.002]
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First report of Chilli leaf curl India virus infecting Mirabilis jalapa in India

M. Jaidi, S. Kumar and S.K. Raj*

*skraj2@rediffmail.com

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Received: 14 Oct 2016; Published: 06 Jan 2017

Mirabilis jalapa (family Nyctaginaceae), also known as the four-o’clock plant, is an ornamental flowering plant grown widely in gardens for the beauty of its variously coloured flowers. Possible disease symptoms (Fig. 1) were observed on a number of M. jalapa plants growing in the gardens of CSIR-NBRI, Lucknow (26°55′ N; 80°59′ E), India. The disease incidence was about 45% with plants exhibiting upward leaf curling and stunting in comparison with apparently healthy plants (Fig. 2). Based on the symptoms a begomovirus infection was suspected.

Total DNA was isolated from the leaves of 17 diseased and one asymptomatic M. jalapa plants and subjected to PCR using begomovirus degenerate primers (Rojas et al., 1993). An amplicon of the expected size (c. 1.2 kb) was produced from all 17 diseased samples, confirming begomovirus infection. The full length virus genome (c. 2.7 kb) was amplified using the rolling-circle amplification method, cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. KX951415). The sequence showed 92-99% nucleotide sequence identity and a close phylogenetic relationship (Fig. 3) with isolates of Chilli leaf curl India virus (ChiLCINV) identified in Duranta repens (KT948070) from Pakistan, and in Capsicum sp. (FM877858), and Mentha arvensis (KT779820) and spicata (KF312364) from India. This shows the virus detected in M. jalapa to be an isolate of ChiLCINV.

M. jalapa has been reported to be infected by Parietaria mottle virus (genus Ilarvirus) in Italy, Mirabilis jalapa mottle virus (genus Carlavirus) in the USA, Basella rugose mosaic virus (genus Potyvirus) in China (Parrella, 2002; Hatlestad et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2012), and Mirabilis mosaic virus (genus Caulimovirus) in the USA (Brunt & Kitajima, 1973). Recently, Tomato chlorotic spot virus (genus Tospovirus) has also been reported to infect M. jalapa in Brazil (Duarte et al., 2016). ChiLCINV has been isolated from Capsicum sp., M. arvensis and spicata in India and D. repens in Pakistan. This is the first report of ChiLCINV infecting M. jalapa.

Figure1+
Figure 1: Diseased plant of Mirabilis jalapa showing leaf curl symptoms.
Figure 1: Diseased plant of Mirabilis jalapa showing leaf curl symptoms.
Figure2+
Figure 2: Close-up view of a twig on a diseased plant of Mirabilis jalapa (a) in comparison with an apparently healthy plant (b).
Figure 2: Close-up view of a twig on a diseased plant of Mirabilis jalapa (a) in comparison with an apparently healthy plant (b).
Figure3+
Figure 3: Begomovirus isolated from Mirabilis jalapa (in bold) showing relationship with Chilli leaf curl India virus. The unrooted tree was generated by neighbour-joining method in MEGA v6.1 and percentage values of replicate trees in which associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide position.
Figure 3: Begomovirus isolated from Mirabilis jalapa (in bold) showing relationship with Chilli leaf curl India virus. The unrooted tree was generated by neighbour-joining method in MEGA v6.1 and percentage values of replicate trees in which associated taxa clustered together in the bootstrap test (1000 replicates) are shown next to the branches. Bar indicates the number of substitutions per nucleotide position.

References

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To cite this report: Jaidi M, Kumar S, Raj SK, 2017. First report of Chilli leaf curl India virus infecting Mirabilis jalapa in India. New Disease Reports 35, 2. [http://dx.doi.org/10.5197/j.2044-0588.2017.035.002]

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